[Chemical constituents from Alangium chinense subsp. pauciflorum].

Chemical constituents of 70% ethanol extract of Alangium chinense subsp. pauciflorum were investigated. The 70% ethanol extract of A. chinense subsp. pauciflorum was isolated and purified by D-101 macroporous resins, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and other methods. As a result, nineteen compounds were isolated and identified as 4-cyclohexene-1α,2α,3α-triol-1-O-ß-D-glucoside(1), 1ß,4α,6α,13-tetrahydroxy-eudesm-11(12)-ene(2), sucrose(3), 1'-O-benzyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1″→6')-ß-D-glucopyranoside(4), bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate(5),(Z)-10-heneicosenoic acid(6), di-O-methylcrenati(7), methyl-α-D-fructofuranoside(8), ß-daucosterol(9), syringic acid(10), vanillicacid(11), octacosanol(12), isoarborinol(13), 2,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1-naphthalenecarboxylate(14),vanillin(15), coniferyl aldehyde(16), 9(11)-dehydroergosterolperoxide(17), 5α,8α-epidioxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3ß-ol(18), ß-sitosterol(19), respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 were new compounds, compounds 5-11, 13, 15-18 were isolated from Alangium for the first time.The anti-inflammatory activity of compourd 1 was determinded by the LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage inflammation model. The results showed that the new compound 1 has a certain inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NO production of RAW264.7 cells, and the inhibitory rate was 54.57%.

Evaluation of vector susceptibility in Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens to Tibet orbivirus.

Mosquito-borne viruses cause various infectious diseases in humans and animals. Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV), a newly identified arbovirus, efficiently replicates in different types of vertebrate and mosquito cells, with its neutralizing antibodies detected in cattle and goats. However, despite being isolated from Culicoides midges, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes, there has been a notable absence of systematic studies on its vector competence. Thus, in this study, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens were reared in the laboratory to measure vector susceptibility through blood-feeding infection. Furthermore, RNA sequencing was used to examine the overall alterations in the Ae. aegypti transcriptome following TIBOV infection. The results revealed that Ae. aegypti exhibited a high susceptibility to TIBOV compared to Cx. p. pallens. Effective replication of the virus in Ae. aegypti midguts occurred when the blood-feeding titer of TIBOV exceeded 105 plaque-forming units mL-1. Nevertheless, only a few TIBOV RNA-positive samples were detected in the saliva of Ae. aegypti and Cx. p. pallens, suggesting that these mosquito species may not be the primary vectors for TIBOV. Moreover, at 2 dpi of TIBOV, numerous antimicrobial peptides downstream of the Toll and Imd signaling pathways were significantly downregulated in Ae. aegypti, indicating that TIBOV suppressed mosquitos' defense to survive in the vector at an early stage. Subsequently, the stress-activated protein kinase JNK, a crucial component of the MAPK signaling pathway, exhibited significant upregulation. Certain genes were also enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway in TIBOV-infected Ae. aegypti at 7 dpi.IMPORTANCETibet orbivirus (TIBOV) is an understudied arbovirus of the genus Orbivirus. Our study is the first-ever attempt to assess the vector susceptibility of this virus in two important mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens. Additionally, we present transcriptome data detailing the interaction between TIBOV and the immune system of Ae. aegypti, which expands the knowledge about orbivirus infection and its interaction with mosquitoes.

Improved Cycling Stability of Ni-Rich Cathode Material by In Situ Introduced TM-B-O Amorphous Surface Structure.

Current research has found the amorphous/crystal interface has some unexpected electrochemical behaviors. This work designed a surface modification strategy using NaBH4 to induce in situ conversion of the surface structure of Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) into TM-B-O amorphous interface layer. Oxidizing the surface from transition metals (TM) with high valence and reductive BH4- in a weak polar medium of ethanol results in an easy redox reacton. A TM-B-O amorphous structure is formed on NCM811 surface. The action of reactive wetting ensures a complete and uniform structure evolution of the surface crystals. The complete coverage protects the outer crystal and the heterogeneous interface impedance between the modified layer and bulk is reduced. More importantly, this amorphous interface layer through in situ conversion enhances the heterogeneous link at interface and its own structural stability. The modified NCM811 (TB2@NCM) treated with 1 wt % NaBH4 shows excellent electrochemical performance, especially cyclic stability. At a high cutoff voltage of 4.5 V, the capacity retention was 72.5% at 1 C after 500 cycles. The electrode achieves 173.7 mAh·g-1 at 10 C. This work creates a modifying strategy with potential application prospect due to simple technology with low-cost raw material under mild operating conditions.

Prognostic and immunological role of adaptor related protein complex 3 subunit mu2 in colon cancer.

The expression levels and prognostic role of AP3M2 in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC) have yet to be fully unveiled. Our study comprehensively investigated the clinical significance of AP3M2 in colorectal cancer through an extensive bioinformatics data mining process (TCGA, GEO, GEPIA, Timer, Ualcan, ROCPLOT, and David), followed by experimental validation. We found AP3M2 is a cancer gene, which can be used to distinguish between colorectal cancer and colorectal adenomas, liver metastasis, lung metastasis, colorectal polyp. Higher AP3M2 expression levels were associated with longer overall survival in colon adenocarcinoma. AP3M2 might be the primary biomarker for oxaliplatin in colon cancer and an acquired resistance biomarker for oxaliplatin and 5-fu. AP3M2 was positively associated with CD274, CTLA4. AP3M2 might be associated with T-cell, NF-kappaB transcription factor activity, and response to hypoxia. AP3M2 could predict chemotherapy effectiveness and prognosis for colon cancer patients. AP3M2 might inhibit tumor growth via influencing tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the context of Tumor microenvironment. AP3M2 plays as an oncogene in CRAC and is suggested as a new potential biotarget for therapy.

Novel ratio-expressions of genes enables estimation of wound age in contused skeletal muscle.

Given that combination with multiple biomarkers may well raise the predictive value of wound age, it appears critically essential to identify new features under the limited cost. For this purpose, the present study explored whether the gene expression ratios provide unique time information as an additional indicator for wound age estimation not requiring the detection of new biomarkers and allowing full use of the available data. The expression levels of four wound-healing genes (Arid5a, Ier3, Stom, and Lcp1) were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and a total of six expression ratios were calculated among these four genes. The results showed that the expression levels of four genes and six ratios of expression changed time-dependent during wound repair. The six expression ratios provided additional temporal information, distinct from the four genes analyzed separately by principal component analysis. The overall performance metrics for cross-validation and external validation of four typical prediction models were improved when six ratios of expression were added as additional input variables. Overall, expression ratios among genes provide temporal information and have excellent potential as predictive markers for wound age estimation. Combining the expression levels of genes with ratio-expression of genes may allow for more accurate estimates of the time of injury.

Degradation of organic UV filters in the water environment: A concise review on the mechanism, toxicity, and technologies.

Organic ultraviolet filters (OUVFs) have been used globally for the past 20 years. Given that OUVFs can be quickly released from sunscreens applied on human skins, they have been frequently detected in aquatic environments and organisms. Some byproducts of OUVFs might be more recalcitrant and toxic than their parent compounds. To further assess the toxicity and potential risk of OUVFs' byproducts, it is necessary to determine the fate of OUVFs and identify their transformation products. This review summarizes and analyzes pertinent literature and reports in the field of OUVFs research. These published research works majorly focus on the degradation mechanisms of OUVFs in aquatic environments, their intermediates/byproducts, and chlorination reaction. Photodegradation (direct photolysis, self-sensitive photolysis and indirect photolysis) and biodegradation are the main transformation pathways of OUVFs through natural degradation. To remove residual OUVFs' pollutants from aqueous environments, novel physicochemical and biological approaches have been developed in recent years. Advanced oxidation, ultrasound, and bio-based technologies have been proven to eliminate OUVFs from wastewaters. In addition, the disinfection mechanism and the byproducts (DBPs) of various OUVFs in swimming pools are discussed in this review. Besides, knowledge gaps and future research directions in this field of study are also mentioned.

Occurrence, behavior and fate of liquid crystal monomers in municipal wastewater.

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs), the essential substances used in the display screen of electronic devices, have been proposed as a class of emerging chemicals of concern. Despite their detection in various environmental matrices, little is known about the presence of LCMs in municipal sewage systems. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, distribution, and fate of 64 LCMs released into the aqueous environment from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Hong Kong, China. In total 14 LCMs were detected in WWTP samples. Specifically, the Σ14LCMs concentrations in crude influent, final effluent, and final sludge were found to be 16.8 ± 0.3 ng/L, 2.71 ± 0.05 ng/L, and 19.2 ± 1.0 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Among them, 10 fluorinated LCMs (F-LCMs) were determined to be present at concentrations of 8.90 ± 0.10 ng/L, 1.69 ± 0.05 ng/L, and 9.94 ± 1.00 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The predominant non-fluorinated LCMs (NF-LCMs) detected in all samples were 3OCB and EPhEMOB, while 2OdF3B was the dominant F-LCM. The overall removal rate of total LCMs was 83.8 ± 0.3 %, with 25.4 ± 4.8 % being removed by biodegradation and UV treatment. Compared to NF-LCMs, F-LCMs were more resistant to biodegradation. Despite the significant removal of LCMs through WWTP, the remaining LCMs in final effluent could result in an annual emission of 3.04 kg of total LCMs from the population of Hong Kong. This study provides the first evidence of LCMs contamination in municipal wastewater, possibly arising from routine electronic devices usage. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the potential impact of LCMs emission via WWTP effluent on the aquatic receiving ecosystem.

Identification of Transformation Products of Organic UV Filters by Photooxidation and Their Differential Estrogenicity Assessment.

Organic ultraviolet filters (OUVFs) are extensively released into aquatic environments, where they undergo complex phototransformation. However, there is little knowledge regarding their transformation products (TPs) and associated endocrine disruption potentials. In the present study, we characterized the chemical and toxicological profiles of TPs for two common OUVFs, oxybenzone (BP3) and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), by photooxidation under environmentally relevant conditions. It is hypothesized that TPs of the tested OUVFs will show varied estrogenicity at different reaction times. High-resolution liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) identified 17 TPs of 7 m/z for BP-3 and 13 TPs of 8 m/z for EHMC at confidence levels ≤2. Five novel TPs of 2 m/z were reported for the first time with structure-diagnostic MS/MS spectra. Estrogenicity assessment using the MCF-7-luc cell line showed discrepant estrogenic activities exhibited by OUVF-TPs over time. Specifically, BP3-TPs exhibited significantly greater estrogenicity than the parent at several reaction times, whereas EHMC-TPs displayed fluctuating estrogenicity with a declining trend. Correlation analysis coupled with molecular docking simulations further suggested several TPs of BP3 as potential endocrine disruptive compounds. These findings underscore the necessity of considering mixtures during chemical testing and risk assessment and highlight the potentially greater risks associated with post-transformation cocktails.

Prognostic and immunological role of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 in human tumors: A pan-cancer analysis.

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) 1B1 is associated with a poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and osteosarcoma. Overexpression of ALDH also impairs tumor immunity. However, it is unclear how ALDH1B1 is associated with patient prognosis and immune infiltration in different cancer types. This is an original research based on bioinformatics analysis. In this study, we investigated the expression and prognostic value of ALDH1B1 in pan-cancer specimens using several databases, including GEPIA2 and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. The GEPIA2 and TIMER2 databases were used to explore correlations between ALDH1B1 expression and immune infiltration in cancers, especially head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). Finally, the expression of ALDH1B1 was validated by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The expression of ALDH1B1 differed in most cancers compared to normal tissue controls. ALDH1B1 has an important impact on the prognosis different cancer types, and the high expression of ALDH1B1 is inversely associated with survival in patients with HNSC. A significant positive correlation was identified between ALDH1B1 expression in HNSC and immune infiltration. The poor prognosis associated with high expression of ALDH1B1 may be related to the promotion of M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. Furthermore, markers of immune cell infiltration, such as exhausted T cells and regulatory T cells showed different patterns of ALDH1B1-associated immune infiltration. ALDH1B1 can serve as a prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer types and is correlated with immune infiltration.

Liquid crystal monomers in ventilation and air conditioning dust: Indoor characteristics, sources analysis and toxicity assessment.

Indoor dust contaminated with liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) released from various commercial liquid crystal display (LCD) screens may pose environmental health risks to humans. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of 64 LCMs in ventilation and air conditioning filters (VACF) dust, characterize their composition profiles, potential sources, and associations with indoor characteristics, and assess their in vitro toxicity using the human lung bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). A total of 31 LCMs with concentrations (ΣLCMs) ranging from 43.7 ng/g to 448 ng/g were detected in the collected VACF dust. Additional analysis revealed the potential interactions between indoor environmental conditions and human exposure risks associated with the detected LCMs in VACF dust. The service area and working time of the ventilation and air conditioning system, and the number of indoor LCD screens were positively correlated with the fluorinated ΣLCMs in VACF dust (r = 0.355 âˆ¼ 0.511, p < 0.05), while the associations with the non-fluorinated ΣLCMs were not found (p > 0.05), suggesting different environmental behavior and fates of fluorinated and non-fluorinated LCMs in the indoor environment. Four main indoor sources of LCMs (i.e., computer (37.1%), television (28.3%), Brand A smartphone (21.2%) and Brand S smartphone (13.4%)) were identified by positive matrix factorization-multiple linear regression (PMF-MLR). Exposure to 14 relatively frequently detected LCMs, individually and in the mixture, induced significant oxidative stress in BEAS-2B cells. Among them, non-fluorinated LCMs, specifically 3cH2B and MeP3bcH, caused dominant decreased cell viability. This study provides new insights into the indoor LCMs pollution and the associated potential health risks due to the daily use of electronic devices.

Cracking and damage analysis of a masonry structure based on joint masonry model caused by a obliquely undercrossing tunnel.

The damage variation of a masonry structure during shield tunneling has been investigated. Furthermore, the damage degree of the masonry building has been investigated by combining the field measurement, finite element method results, and theoretical method. The results show that compared with the theoretical calculation method LSTM, the method provide by this paper can give the detail damage location of the masonry structure caused by shield construction. Due to the existence of door and window openings, the result of JMM is larger than LSTM result, the differences can be modified by concept of "characteristic tensile strain". The wall of the masonry building encounter the shield face first suffers more damage than the later ones. At the beginning of tunnlling, the damage were generated from a small area at the bottom for wall 1, but a larger area at the top of the building for wall 2. The damage area increase more at the top of the building as tunneling advanced, but the maximum damage occurred at the bottom of the building.

Effects of different medical masks on acoustic and aerodynamic voice assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the surgical masks and N95 masks on the acoustic and aerodynamic parameters of voice assessment during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The challenge of the study was to enable each inexperienced participant to perform a number of acoustic and aerodynamic voice assessment in a qualified and homogeneous manner without and with medical masks, and to minimize the individual differences. There were 32 healthy participants recruited in the study, including 16 males and 16 females. The acoustic parameters analyzed included fundamental frequency, standard deviation of fundamental frequency (fundamental frequency standard deviation), percentage of jitter (%), percentage of shimmer (%), glottal-to-noise excitation ratio (GNE), and the parameters of irregularity, noise and overall severity. The aerodynamic parameters included s time, z time, s/z ratio and maximum phonation time. When wearing surgical masks, the GNE ratio (P = .043) significantly increased, whereas noise (P = .039) and s time (P = .018) significantly decreased. When wearing N95 masks, the percentage of shimmer (P = .049), s time (P = .037) and s/z ratio (P = .048) significantly decrease. In general, performing voice assessment with a medical mask proved to be reliable for most of the acoustic and aerodynamic parameters. It is worth noting that the shimmer (%), could be slightly impacted when wearing N95 masks. Wearing surgical masks might slightly influence the measurement of noise and higher GNE ratio. The s/z ratio could be affected when wearing N95 masks. The contribution of the study is to explore acoustic and aerodynamic parameters that might be easily affected by wearing masks during the voice assessment, and provide references for clinical evaluation of voice disorders during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019.

Postmortem Interval Estimation Using Protein Chip Technology Combined with Multivariate Analysis Methods.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate postmortem interval (PMI) by analyzing the protein changes in skeletal muscle tissues with the protein chip technology combined with multivariate analysis methods. METHODS: Rats were sacrificed for cervical dislocation and placed at 16 ℃. Water-soluble proteins in skeletal muscles were extracted at 10 time points (0 d, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d, 6 d, 7 d, 8 d and 9 d) after death. Protein expression profile data with relative molecular mass of 14 000-230 000 were obtained. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) were used for data analysis. Fisher discriminant model and back propagation (BP) neural network model were constructed to classify and preliminarily estimate the PMI. In addition, the protein expression profiles data of human skeletal muscles at different time points after death were collected, and the relationship between them and PMI was analyzed by heat map and cluster analysis. RESULTS: The protein peak of rat skeletal muscle changed with PMI. The result of PCA combined with OPLS discriminant analysis showed statistical significance in groups with different time points (P<0.05) except 6 d, 7 d and 8 d after death. By Fisher discriminant analysis, the accuracy of internal cross-validation was 71.4% and the accuracy of external validation was 66.7%. The BP neural network model classification and preliminary estimation results showed the accuracy of internal cross-validation was 98.2%, and the accuracy of external validation was 95.8%. There was a significant difference in protein expression between 4 d and 25 h after death by the cluster analysis of the human skeletal muscle samples. CONCLUSIONS: The protein chip technology can quickly, accurately and repeatedly obtain water-soluble protein expression profiles in rats' and human skeletal muscles with the relative molecular mass of 14 000-230 000 at different time points postmortem. The establishment of multiple PMI estimation models based on multivariate analysis can provide a new idea and method for PMI estimation.

Release Behavior of Liquid Crystal Monomers from Waste Smartphone Screens: Occurrence, Distribution, and Mechanistic Modeling.

Liquid crystal display (LCD) screens can release many organic pollutants into the indoor environment, including liquid crystal monomers (LCMs), which have been proposed as a novel class of emerging pollutants. Knowing the release pathways and mechanisms of LCMs from various components of LCD screens is important to accurately assess the LCM release and reveal their environmental transport behavior and fate in the ambient environment. A total of 47, 43, and 33 out of 64 target LCMs were detected in three disassembled parts of waste smartphone screens, including the LCM layer (LL), light guide plate (LGP), and screen protector (SP), respectively. Correlation analysis confirmed LL was the source of LCMs detected in LGP and SP. The emission factors of LCMs from waste screen, SP, and LGP parts were estimated as 2.38 × 10-3, 1.36 × 10-3, and 1.02 × 10-3, respectively. A mechanism model was developed to describe the release behaviors of LCMs from waste screens, where three characteristics parameters of released LCMs, including average mass proportion (AP), predicted subcooled vapor pressures (PL), and octanol-air partitioning coefficients (Koa), involving coexistence of absorption and adsorption mechanisms, could control the diffusion-partitioning. The released LCMs in LGP could reach diffusion-partition equilibrium more quickly than those in SP, indicating that LCM release could be mainly governed through SP diffusions.

TP53RK Drives the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease by Phosphorylating Birc5.

Renal fibrosis is a common characteristic of various chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) driving the loss of renal function. During this pathological process, persistent injury to renal tubular epithelial cells and activation of fibroblasts chiefly determine the extent of renal fibrosis. In this study, the role of tumor protein 53 regulating kinase (TP53RK) in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis and its underlying mechanisms is investigated. TP53RK is upregulated in fibrotic human and animal kidneys with a positive correlation to kidney dysfunction and fibrotic markers. Interestingly, specific deletion of TP53RK either in renal tubule or in fibroblasts in mice can mitigate renal fibrosis in CKD models. Mechanistic investigations reveal that TP53RK phosphorylates baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 (Birc5) and facilitates its nuclear translocation; enhanced Birc5 displays a profibrotic effect possibly via activating PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. Moreover, pharmacologically inhibiting TP53RK and Birc5 using fusidic acid (an FDA-approved antibiotic) and YM-155(currently in clinical phase 2 trials) respectively both ameliorate kidney fibrosis. These findings demonstrate that activated TP53RK/Birc5 signaling in renal tubular cells and fibroblasts alters cellular phenotypes and drives CKD progression. A genetic or pharmacological blockade of this axis serves as a potential strategy for treating CKDs.

Exploring postmortem succession of rat intestinal microbiome for PMI based on machine learning algorithms and potential use for humans.

The microbial communities may undergo a meaningful successional change during the progress of decay and decomposition that could aid in determining the post-mortem interval (PMI). However, there are still challenges to applying microbiome-based evidence in law enforcement practice. In this study, we attempted to investigate the principles governing microbial community succession during decomposition of rat and human corpse, and explore their potential use for PMI of human cadavers. A controlled experiment was conducted to characterize temporal changes in microbial communities associated with rat corpses as they decomposed for 30 days. Obvious differences of microbial community structures were observed among different stages of decomposition, especially between decomposition of 0-7d and 9-30d. Thus, a two-layer model for PMI prediction was developed based on the succession of bacteria by combining classification and regression models using machine learning algorithms. Our results achieved 90.48% accuracy for discriminating groups of PMI 0-7d and 9-30d, and yielded a mean absolute error of 0.580d within 7d decomposition and 3.165d within 9-30d decomposition. Furthermore, samples from human cadavers were collected to gain the common succession of microbial community between rats and humans. Based on the 44 shared genera of rats and humans, a two-layer model of PMI was rebuilt to be applied for PMI prediction of human cadavers. Accurate estimates indicated a reproducible succession of gut microbes across rats and humans. Together these results suggest that microbial succession was predictable and can be developed into a forensic tool for estimating PMI.

Interfacial interaction and intense interfacial ultraviolet light emission at an incoherent interface.

Incoherent interfaces with large mismatches usually exhibit very weak interfacial interactions so that they rarely generate intriguing interfacial properties. Here we demonstrate unexpected strong interfacial interactions at the incoherent AlN/Al2O3 (0001) interface with a large mismatch by combining transmission electron microscopy, first-principles calculations, and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. It is revealed that strong interfacial interactions have significantly tailored the interfacial atomic structure and electronic properties. Misfit dislocation networks and stacking faults are formed at this interface, which is rarely observed at other incoherent interfaces. The band gap of the interface reduces significantly to ~ 3.9 eV due to the competition between the elongated Al-N and Al-O bonds across the interface. Thus this incoherent interface can generate a very strong interfacial ultraviolet light emission. Our findings suggest that incoherent interfaces can exhibit strong interfacial interactions and unique interfacial properties, thereby opening an avenue for the development of related heterojunction materials and devices.

Removing emerging e-waste pollutant DTFPB by synchronized oxidation-adsorption Fenton technology.

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs), an emerging group of organic pollutants related to electronic waste, have been frequently detected from various environmental matrices, including landfill leachate. The persistence of LCMs requires robust technology for remediation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility, performance and mechanism of the remediation of a typical LCM 4-[difluoro(3,4,5-trifluorophenoxy)methyl]- 3,5-difluoro-4'-propylbiphenyl (DTFPB) via synchronized oxidation-adsorption (SOA) Fenton technology and verify its application in DTFPB-contaminated leachate. The SOA Fenton system could effectively degrade 93.5% of DTFPB and 5.6% of its total organic carbon (TOCDTFPB) by hydroxyl radical oxidation (molar ratio of Fe2+ to H2O2 of 1/4 and pH 2.5-3.0) following a pseudo-first-order model under 0.378 h-1. Additionally, synchronized adsorption of DTFPB and its degradation intermediates by in situ resultant ferric particles via hydrophobic interaction, complexation, and coprecipitation contributed to almost 100% of DTFPB and 33.4% of TOCDTFPB removal. Three possible degradation pathways involving eight products were proposed, and hydrophobic interactions might drive the adsorption process. It was first confirmed that the SOA Fenton system exhibited good performance in eliminating DTFPB and byproducts from landfill leachate. This study provides new insights into the potential of the Fenton process for the treatment of emerging LCMs contamination in wastewater.

Combined metabolomics and machine learning algorithms to explore metabolic biomarkers for diagnosis of acute myocardial ischemia.

Acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) remains the leading cause of death worldwide, and the post-mortem diagnosis of AMI represents a current challenge for both clinical and forensic pathologists. In the present study, the untargeted metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied to analyze serum metabolic signatures from AMI in a rat model (n = 10 per group). A total of 28 endogenous metabolites in serum were significantly altered in AMI group relative to control and sham groups. A set of machine learning algorithms, namely gradient tree boosting (GTB), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and multilayer perceptron (MLP) models, was used to screen the more valuable metabolites from 28 metabolites to optimize the biomarker panel. The results showed that classification accuracy and performance of MLP model were better than other algorithms when the metabolites consisting of L-threonic acid, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, CMPF, glycocholic acid, L-tyrosine, cholic acid, and glycoursodeoxycholic acid. Finally, 17 blood samples from autopsy cases were applied to validate the classification model's value in human samples. The MLP model constructed based on rat dataset achieved accuracy of 88.23%, and ROC of 0.89 for predicting AMI type II in autopsy cases of sudden cardiac death. The results demonstrated that MLP model based on 7 molecular biomarkers had a good diagnostic performance for both AMI rats and autopsy-based blood samples. Thus, the combination of metabolomics and machine learning algorithms provides a novel strategy for AMI diagnosis.

A novel method for determining postmortem interval based on the metabolomics of multiple organs combined with ensemble learning techniques.

Determining postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the most challenging and essential endeavors in forensic science. Developments in PMI estimation can take advantage of machine learning techniques. Currently, applying an algorithm to obtain information on multiple organs and conducting joint analysis to accurately estimate PMI are still in the early stages. This study aimed to establish a multi-organ stacking model that estimates PMI by analyzing differential compounds of four organs in rats. In a total of 140 rats, skeletal muscle, liver, lung, and kidney tissue samples were collected at each time point after death. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to determine the compound profiles of the samples. The original data were preprocessed using multivariate statistical analysis to determine discriminant compounds. In addition, three interrelated and increasingly complex patterns (single organ optimal model, single organ stacking model, multi-organ stacking model) were established to estimate PMI. The accuracy and generalized area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the multi-organ stacking model were the highest at 93% and 0.96, respectively. Only 1 of the 14 external validation samples was misclassified by the multi-organ stacking model. The results demonstrate that the application of the multi-organ combination to the stacking algorithm is a potential forensic tool for the accurate estimation of PMI.